Cadastral map

The digital real estate register contains the currently valid real estate division, consisting of parcel identifiers, cadastral boundaries, names of municipalities and villages and information on boundary marks. Locating can be made easier by including material from the topographic database in the background.

Preparing the product and compiling data

The real estate register is contained in the JAKO information system of NLS, which is a continuous database un-restricted by map sheet division. The database contains data on 4.2 million real estates. JAKO has revolutionized the carrying out of legal surveys and the maintenance of the cadastral map and register. It enables a wide range of information services in which the results to a variety of real estate queries can be presented clearly, superimposed on a background map.

About half of the boundary marks in real estate registers on scale 1:5,000 for sparsely populated areas have been measured using photogrammetry. Aerial photography has been aided by placing white plastic crosses as boundary marks. This is done mainly by the landowners, which adds an element of uncertainty to the measurements. All other information concerning the boundary marks and boundaries are obtained from maps and documents stored at the district survey archives. The actual position of individual boundary marks have not been systematically checked.

The real estate register on scale 1:10,000 for sparsely populated areas has been made by digitizing the previous graphical real estate register. The location of the material is not presented as accurately as in the 1:5,000 scale and does not usually contain information on boundary marks.

In built-up areas the cadastral register is largely based on the municipalities' large-scale base map material, which contains the latest real estate information.

Updating and maintaining the information

The cadastral register is continuously updated on the basis of cadastral surveys and decisions made by authorities. Any changes in real estates or other real estate units are transferred in conjunction with registration of the legal survey to the cadastral register and the map. Annually some 200,000 changes are recorded for real estate information. The real estate register will at some stage also contain information about access rights and restrictions.

The National Land Survey maintains a digital cadastral map in areas where it is responsible for maintaining a cadastral register. The NLS real estate register covers the entire country with the exception of town plan areas, that is, it does not cover registered lots and public areas in town plan areas where the municipalities maintain the cadastral register. The real estate register also covers detailed plans of shore areas.

Different uses of the product

The material delivered to the customer illustrates the real estate division at the moment of delivery. Customers can obtain updates at any time. The update usually consists of the cadastral register and map, but it is also possible to get only the changes which have happened after a given date.

The real estate register can be made to include topographic data in the background. The topographic database is the most detailed material available for use as a background. If necessary, real estate information can be combined with modified topographic data or with aerial orthophotographs.

The JAKO information system allows the real estate register to be confined to a certain area. It is also possible to select coordinate points and have an extract of cadastral register or map produced for the desired width covering both sides of the line between these points.

Practical applications

The real estate register is used:
· as basic material for various information systems (such as municipalities, telephone and electricity companies and forestry companies)
· as an aid for real estate division and assessing land ownership
· as background material for map production.

Technical data

Information for the cadastral register is compiled in a uniform coordinate system. For the time being, material can only be provided in a rectangular coordinate. It can be either a basic coordinate system divided into five Gauss-Krüger (transverse Mercator) projection zones or a uniform coordinate system based on zone number 3 (central meridian = 27 degrees).

The area can be selected using administrative or map sheet boundaries, or chosen freely by the customer. The material can be converted into the following formats without any extra charge: Esri (Shape), Mapinfo (Mif), MaagisXL, Maagis, Maagis2 and Fingis.

A. Parcel identifiers

Parcel identifiers have been recorded in accordance with Public Administration Recommendation 138. The parcel identifier indicates the type of real estate. The real estate may be a rural real estate, a lot, a public area, state-owned forest land, a protected area or expropriated land. A public area or public road or the area surrounding it which is controlled by a right of way are entered as 'other real estate unit'. If the real estate consists of more than one parcel, the same parcel identifier is used for each parcel.

B. Enclaves

Enclaves are areas within municipal boundaries that administratively belong to the jurisdiction of another municipality. They are indicated in the parcel identifier by municipal boundaries and a municipal identifier which is different and lacking from the neighbouring ones.

C. Boundary marks

Some 50% of boundary marks in sparsely populated areas on scale 1:5,000 have been measured by means of photogrammetry. Digitized material in sparsely populated areas on scale 1:10,000 is not as accurate as the 1:5,000 material. The positional accuracy figure of the boundary mark indicates the boundary mark's mean square positional error relative to the permanent control points that form the basis of the cadastral index map.

More details about the features in the real estate register is presented in the technical specification.

Copyrights

The NLS holds the copyright and other immaterial rights to the real estate register. This copyright is protected by the Copyright Act (404/1961).

Access rights to the real estate register are granted mainly for 10-year periods. It is also possible to get a one-year licence for an annual fee. Access right licences based on the number of users are: basic licence (1-5 users), extended licence (6-20 users) or institutional licence (over 20 users). If necessary, we can also negotiate about more extensive licences or a single-use licence for a short-term need. Copies, printouts and other publications of the material can be done as per agreement. Accessing the material through the Internet also requires a separate permit.