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The Struve Geodetic Arc starts from
the Danube Delta in Ukraine and, before reaching Finland, passes through
Moldova,
Belarus and the
Baltic States. From Finland, it continues across the mountains of
northern Norway to its final point on the shores of the Arctic
Ocean. The Arc enters Finnish territory north of Suursaari, passes southern
Finland to the east of Loviisa, goes through the Lahti and Jyväskylä
regions and continues through Kajaani, Oulu, Tornio and Muonio to
Hammerfest in Norway.
A
total of 34 station points have been selected for protection, six of these
being located
in Finland:
Stuor-oivi (now known
as Stuorrahanoaivi) near the
Norwegian border; Avasaksa (Aavasaksa) and Tornea (Alatornio church)
in western Lapland; Puolakka (Oravivuori) in Korpilahti; Porlom II
(Tornikallio) at Porlammi in Lapinjärvi; and Svartvira (Mustaviiri) in the
Pyhtää archipelago.
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68°40'57'' N och 22°44'45'' E -
The point at the top of
Stuorrahanoaivi (originally Stuor-oivi) in Enontekiö was measured
in 1850-1852. Norway made Stuorrahanoaivi part of its triangulation network in 1895 and
installed a metal bolt in stone to mark the original point.
Since its measurement, Stuorrahanoaivi has been one of the station points for mapping in
Finland.
Read the
Struorrahanoaivi fact sheet (pdf)
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66°23'52'' N och 23°43'31'' E -
The Aavasaksa (Avasaksa) point
was measured in 1845. The cross is carved
in stone and now located under an observation tower built in
1969. Before Struve's expedition, Aavasaksa had achieved fame as
the site at which the Frenchman Pierre
Louis Moreau de Maupertuis carried out measurements
in the 1730s. However, unlike Maupertuis, Struve
left permanent marks at the site, and the detailed
documents he produced have also survived.
Read the
Aavasaksa fact sheet (pdf)
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65°49'48'' N och 24°09'26'' E -
The point located
in the church tower of Alatornio (Tornea) was measured in 1842.
Carved markings made in connection with the measurements are still
visible on the walls of the bell chamber of the church, which was
built in 1797. The top of the bell tower is 40 metres above sea
level, which made it an ideal location for triangulation. It is
still part of the station-point network of the City of Tornio.
Read the
Alatornio fact sheet (pdf)
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61°55'36'' N och 25°32'01'' E -
The point located at Oravivuori
(Puolakka) was measured in 1834. In 1930, the Finnish Geodetic Institute
set a triangulation point (first class) at the
same site only 43 cm from the point
marked by Struve. An NLS triangulation
tower stood at the site until the mid-1980s,
when satellite-based measurements superseded triangulation.
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The Finnish Geodetic Institute
has also used the site for stellar triangulation,
and in 1998 the NLS and the Geodetic Institute erected a triangulation
tower at the site as a reminder of its importance
for mapping in Finland.
Read
the Oravivuori fact sheet (pdf)
- 60°42'17'' N och 26
°00' 12'' E -
The Porlammi (Porlom
II) point at Tornikallio in Lapinjärvi was measured in 1833. Since then,
Tornikallio has been one
of the station points for geodetic measurements in Finland, and there was also
an NLS triangulation tower at the site until
the mid-1980s. Even though the views seen by the Struve expedition
are now partially obstructed by forest, Tornikallio remains a popular observation point.
Read the
Porlammi fact sheet (pdf)
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60°16'35'' N och 26°36'12'' E -
The Mustaviiri
(Svartvira) point was set on a rocky island in the Gulf of Finland
in 1833. Mustaviiri (Svartvira in Swedish) is located about 30 km
from Loviisa, and since Struve's measurements has been one of the
station points for geodetic measurements in Finland. The island is part of the Eastern Gulf of
Finland National Park,
where members of the public can roam
freely. A path leads from the
landing site to the measurement point.
Read the
Mustaviiri fact sheet (pdf)
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