APEX - Ultra High Spatial Resolution GNSS Receiver for Automotive Industry

The APEX project will develop an ultra‑large synthetic aperture array (ULSA) to enhance GNSS robustness in automotive environments where restricted satellite visibility, multipath, and RF interference will continue to limit positioning reliability. The system will create a synthetic aperture by coherently combining measurements from a compact multi‑element antenna as the vehicle moves, enabling an effective array size much larger than what can be physically integrated into a vehicle. Accurate relative motion for coherent synthesis will be obtained from an onboard IMU. By employing multi‑frequency, dual‑polarized antenna elements, the project will enable high‑accuracy 3D angle‑of‑arrival estimation of both direct and reflected GNSS signals, improving the system’s ability to discriminate multipath and detect interference. APEX will advance beyond existing work by demonstrating, for the first time, a real multi‑element GNSS antenna array extended into a synthetic aperture larger than two elements in real‑world conditions. Beamforming and direction‑of‑arrival processing will be used to enhance authentic satellite signals while suppressing jamming and spoofing sources. Overall, the project will deliver a scalable GNSS sensing architecture that will substantially strengthen the robustness, integrity, and trustworthiness of automotive positioning